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Dörnyei (2001) defined motivation as a highly complex and multifaceted issue shaping one of the most crucial human characteristics.
Some participants defined motivation as 'just doing your job', and others defined it in terms of seniority or salary paid: if you were paid more money, you were motivated.
18– 21 Specifically defined, motivation is an individual's arousal or desire to perform a promoted behavior; opportunity refers to institutional or structural factors that influence an individual's chance to perform a promoted behavior.
Franco et al. [ 24] defined motivation in the work context as "an individual's degree of willingness to exert and maintain an effort towards organisational goals" and conceptualized motivation among health workers in low- and middle-income countries in terms of "will do" and "can do" within the context of their personal characteristics, working environment and the broader societal context.
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Pintrich and Schunk (2002, p.4) define motivation as "the process whereby goal-directed activity is instigated and maintained".
Martin and Dowson (2009) define motivation as "a set of interrelated beliefs and emotions that influence and direct behavior" (p. 328).
All these studies highlight how patients' attitudes towards illness should be accounted for while defining motivation to change [ 20] and investigated at the beginning of treatment [ 51].
When asked to define motivation there was a strong focus on it being a tangible incentive - something given in addition to one's salary [ 20].
Promoting behavioural change is a gradual process that involves working closely with communities, studying existing beliefs, defining motivation strategies, designing appropriate communication tools and finally encouraging practical steps towards positive practices.
The last part of the interview focused explicitly on motivation and motivational determinants, yet the word "motivation" was avoided, except for two direct questions – "How do health workers define motivation?" and later "How do they assess their level of motivation?" – based on a given definition.
The results of the present study show that in relation specifically to learning histology, the profiles for components of motivation defined as career motivation and self-efficacy were similar in all three degree programs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com