Valle, who photographed the Badjao as part of an ongoing project documenting stateless peoples across the world, captured the men of the community in underwater portraits, their bodies suspended in the open, borderless ocean that has defined their livelihoods and lifestyles.
Livelihood security means are defined here as livelihood strategies of the different methods used by pastoralists within their social and ecological context to cope with damaging losses.
One project about women defining the livelihood strategies of two transnational Mexican communities; it showed the vital role of women in the Mexican family and community -- and this significance counteracts current stereotyping.
Studies were conducted in numerous settings and the measurement tools used to assess and define both livelihood factors and adherence varied substantially.
Sean and Jimmy, however, deal with the distress by absorbing it and letting it define their livelihoods: Sean joins the police force, and Jimmy turns to crime.
The concepts of vulnerability and livelihood security have been defined by their socioeconomic dimensions in livelihood studies (Swift 2006; Dehaan and Zoomers 2005; Chambers 2006).
Livelihoods are defined as people's capacities and means of living (e.g. food, income and assets, such as land, education etc).. Small, individually managed farms contained significantly higher levels of shade tree diversity than larger plantations in both countries and contained a significantly higher number and diversity of fruit and firewood trees.
Yet food security, defined here as the success of local livelihood strategies to guarantee access to sufficient food at the household or family level (Devereux & Maxwell, 2001), is only one dimension of a wider livelihood crisis.
A private company dedicated to the long term is surely sustained by profits, because it has no other livelihood; but this company is driven and defined by the social purposes it serves.
We develop a conceptual framework for defining the linkage between livelihood activities and conservation.
