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On the other hand, "subjects without AUDs" could be defined in a study as "non-alcoholics", "subjects without AD or alcohol abuse diagnosis" or any similar definition.
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21 In this study, in addition to educational attainment at school and level of professional training as defined in a previous study 22 further social factors based on job histories were considered.
A "serious adverse reaction" was well defined in a previous study [ 21] and on the website of the FDA [ 22].
Another potential weakness is that the proposed thresholds were defined in a single study with a relatively small sample size.
Consequently, no GIs on chromosome 2 of C. metallidurans CH34 were defined in a previous study [ 9].
This was based on the clinical judgement of the authors, but will need to be more objectively defined in a larger study.
Most hypervariable genes were plant specific as defined in a previous study [ 18], and the set was enriched for genes that code for unstable transcripts [ 19] (Table 1).
GU-rich and U-rich elements were hexamers corresponding to CDE.3 and CDE.2 elements defined in a previous study (Hu et al, 2005), respectively.
City definitions were consistent with those defined in a previous study by a subset of the authors [ 2] (for details of the groupings see Additional file 1: Table S1).
Using the criteria of |iHS| ≥ 2 as defined in a previous study [ 25], 79,149, 86,272, and 100,624 SNP outliers of iHS in ASN, CEU, and YRI, respectively, were then obtained.
We grouped the 35 provinces and other administrative areas in China into 3 regions (East, Central, West) based on the regions defined in a 2004 study of hepatitis B vaccine coverage done by the Chinese Ministry of Health [ 18].
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