The family of eucaryotic cytoplasmic proteins defined by a Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD) [ 21] presents gene products exhibiting various functions ranging from regulators of apoptosis (such as Apaf-1) to proteins implicated in resistance against pathogens in mammals (NOD1, NOD2) and plants (R genes, R for resistance).
HLA loci have evolved through mutation as well as recombination [54]; thus HLA alleles cannot be defined by a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) but rather by an array of cis-linked SNPs.
Thus, for instance, the statistical association could have been found in combination with another variant, then pointing to a particular haplogroup and not to the complex polyphyletic group defined by a particular nucleotide at 10398.
Members of the P-loop NTPase domain superfamily are defined by a conserved nucleotide phosphate-binding motif, also referred as Walker A and Walker B motif that bind the beta-gamma phosphate moiety of the bound nucleotides and the Mg2+ cation [ 33].
Cas9 generates blunt DSBs at sites defined by a 20-nucleotide guide sequence contained within an associated CRISPR RNA (crRNA) transcript (Gasiunas et al., 2012; Jinek et al., 2012).
Subclade R5a is defined by a deletion at nucleotide positions (np) 522 523 and one control region mutation at np16266.
Moreover, the clonally derived outbreak cluster of S. Montevideo were defined by a few single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) while more geographically or temporally removed isolates showed tens to thousands of SNP differences.
Contrary to polypeptides, which are defined by a sequence of nucleotides in the corresponding genes, glycan parts of glycoproteins are synthesized by the activity of hundreds of factors forming a complex dynamic network.
In general, positive selection is defined by a ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide changes (dN/dS, or ω) >1.
The insertion times of full-length copies, as defined by a minimum of 80% of nucleotide identity over 100% of the reference element length, were dated.
