In addition, a guarding score was assessed: 0: no guarding, 1: guarding of the hindlimb after a defined brief noxious compression of the knee, 2: visible limping during walking without previous pain stimulus, 3: no use of the hindlimb with the arthritic knee.
In addition, a semiquantitative guarding score was assessed as described previously [ 14]: 0: no guarding, 1: guarding of the hindlimb after a defined brief noxious compression of the knee, 2: visible limping during walking without previous pain stimulus, 3: no use of the hindlimb with the arthritic knee, 4: no movement at all (general morbidity).
In addition, a guarding score was assessed as described previously [ 44]: 0: no guarding, 1: guarding of the hindlimb after a defined brief noxious compression of the knee, 2: visible limping during walking without previous pain stimulus, 3: no use of the hindlimb with the arthritic knee, 4: no movement at all (general morbidity).
This is in accordance with Shaffer's findings [ 35], although he did not define "brief".
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines brief interventions as 'practices that aim to identify a real or potential alcohol problem and motivate an individual to do something about it' (1, p. 6).
It is later defined as "brief periods of ischemia alternating with brief periods of reflow applied at the onset of reperfusion following sustained ischemia" [ 13, 57].
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is defined by brief episodes of vertigo crisis accompanied by nystagmus caused by positional changes.
Although senior moments are most frequently defined as brief memory lapses, the phrase also refers to severe cognitive impairment and functional incompetence.
6 Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is defined as brief episodes of ischemia followed by a long period of ischemia, representing the most powerful endogenous mechanism against the injurious effects of ischemia.
Cheung et al. (2001) in the anesthetised monkey and Chimoto et al. (2002) in the alert cat defined a brief phasic discharge or, strictly, onset response in the primary AC as a discharge occurring within 50 ms after tone onset.
EEG traces were then inspected manually (with the low and high frequency filters set at 5Hz and 70Hz, respectively) to identify single epileptic spikes, defined as brief (<80 milliseconds), high-voltage deflections on the EEG.
