Sentence examples for defined at the upper from inspiring English sources

The ground-surface response spectrum is transformed from the design response spectrum defined at the upper surface level of the engineering bedrock via the equivalent linearization technique and the one-dimensional wave propagation theory.

In contrast to the conventional method which deals with only a single ground motion for equivalent linearization of soil properties, a design response spectrum defined at the upper level (bottom of the surface ground) of an engineering bedrock can be handled as the target design earthquake in the present paper.

After the evaluation of the equivalent stiffness and damping ratio of every soil layer, the ground surface response spectrum is transformed from the design response spectrum defined at the upper level of the engineering bedrock via the one-dimensional wave propagation theory.

In this regard it has to be stated, that the plant's design was chosen conservatively (loss coefficients were defined at the upper end of the respective scale), since the implementation of the entire water supply system was afflicted with various uncertainties (e.g., vague local production quality for pipes and fittings).

A chronometer recorded the time for return of the normal color at the ventral surface, and 4.0 seconds was defined as the upper normal limit.

High exposure to air pollution was defined as the upper 25th percentile of modeled nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels at residential addresses.

Superiority was defined as the upper bound of the 95% CI being < 1 for at least two of the three strains.

This was defined as the upper limit for normal function.

The age cut-off for ‘young' age at first intercourse was defined as the lower quartile (age ≤ 14) and a ‘high' number of lifetime sexual partners was defined as the upper quartile (≥ 7 partners) in the respective variable distribution.

Defined at the Olivola FU (Upper Valdarno, Italy), this dispersal event has been placed at 1.9 Ma and related with the so-called "Homo event" [13], [36], [37], as recorded at the Caucasian site of Dmanisi.

The upper level of the 1D model was defined at the altitude above the maximum elevation in the study region.