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The apparent adhesive strength between the fouling deposits and the substrate was defined as the work required to remove the deposits per unit area from the substrate.
The adhesive strength between the biofilms and the surface to which they are attached, is defined as the work per unit area required to remove the biofilms from the surface.
The term in this comprehensive context combines some quite disparate categories of art; therefore, as a workable field of art-historical study, folk art is generally treated separately from certain other kinds of peoples' arts, notably the "primitive" (defined as the work of prehistoric and preliterate peoples).
The energy loss Eloss, given by Equation 8, is defined as the work performed by the cluster-induced force acting on the moving electron.
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The area above the table is defined as the working zone, described by the background image (BCG).
Peak work load (peakW) was defined as the highest work load maintained for at least 1 min.
DC was defined as the lowest work rate (average of top and bottom dead centre) divided by the average work rate (Leirdal and Ettema 2010).
Typically, collaboration is defined as the joint work between humans pursuing a specific goal.
During operation a stream of HCl in O2 and N2 is continuously supplied to one of the fluidized-bed reactors, defined as the "oxidizer," working in the temperature range of 340 400°C.
The work life/home life dimension is defined as the interface between the work and home life of the nurse.
Income inequality in the city — often defined as "the haves who work for tech companies versus just about everyone else" — is among the highest in the country.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com