This loss was found in the DMN+ (functionally defined as the patient benchmark aDMN+ and pDMN+), as well as when globally averaging over all parcels (Table 3), indicating a general phenomenon.
The estimation error is defined as the absolute difference between the benchmark value and the estimations given by all algorithms.
These derived equations represent what in this paper is defined as the analytical model, used as benchmark for model comparison.
Structural responses were compared against benchmark values, defined as the median values of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) due to a larger set of unscaled far-field records.
Benchmarking is defined as " the search for- and implementation of best practices" [ 2], it originated in the manufacturing industry and is now widely applied in healthcare.
As the main result of the calculations, the benchmark dose level (BMDL) is defined as the lower one-sided 95%-confidence limit of the BMD.
Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) were determined by immunohistochemical staining using the Ventana Benchmark system (Ventana Medical Systems Inc., Arizona, USA) and defined as the fraction of positive nuclei.
The classification accuracy was defined as the proportion of proteins that could be assigned to correct families in the benchmark datasets.
Distance = 4 is defined as the base value for variables 8, 9, and 10 and the last benchmark is Geology = 3 for variables 12, 13, and 14.
The thermodynamic least work of dehumidification and cooling is formally defined as a thermodynamic benchmark, while VCS performance is chosen as the industry benchmark against which other technologies, namely desiccant-based cooling system (DCS) and membrane-based cooling system (MCS), are compared.
