These programs can be broadly defined as methods for information retrieval and those for information extraction [ 10].
Good design practices can be defined as methods that lead to design artifacts, either products or services, having a 'fitness for purpose' for their task while maintaining commercial viability [ 5].
Values clarification methods (VCMs) are best defined as methods to help patients think about the desirability of options or attributes of options within a specific decision context, in order to identify which option he/she prefers.
Boronate 4 a was obtained in high selectivity in 73 % yield with LiOAc⋅2 H2O as the base additive and with DCE as the solvent (Table 1, entry 7; defined as Method A).
In a solvent study, acetone was found to work as solvent in the presence of acetic acid (5 equiv) for this transformation (Table 1, entry 4, defined as method B).
However, the use of a Lewis acid, BF3⋅Et2O, resulted in a high selectivity for 5 and afforded products 4 a and 5 a in 3 % and 78 % yield, respectively (Table 1, entry 11; defined as Method B).
The reaction in the absence of LiOAc⋅2 H2O also proceeded smoothly to give 3 aa in 63 % yield and 4 a in 10%% yield (Table 1, entry 2, defined as method A), whereas the replacement of acetic acid with acetone as the solvent resulted in a complicated mixture (entry 3).
The initial and alternative scenarios are defined as well as the method for switching between them.
In order to facilitate the presentation, these methods are defined as "reference methods" in the following text, and the test results of reference methods are called "reference results".
As mentioned in the previous section, CC, MI, and TE methods can be defined as parametric methods: the results obtained by applying such methods depend on the choice of the bin size and temporal window widths.
Long-acting and permanent methods of contraception (LAPMs): are defined as those methods that prevent pregnancy more than or equals to three years per application (Implants, IUCD, male and female sterilizations).
