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A number of chemical properties is defined as instances of ks:ChemProperty: persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic.
Anomalies are defined as instances of Z-values larger than +5.0, or smaller than −3.8, at any node and at any time.
Glycogen clusters were defined as instances where three or more glycogen granules were present in close proximity (<100 nm).
All objects used in the experiment actions for example YPD media bottle, yeast culture flask are defined as instances
All locations for example laminar flow hood, cold room are defined as instances
Reversals within RNP tracks were defined as instances when d of consecutive frames i and i+1 were >22 nm and the absolute value of the sign of d i minus d i+1 equalled 2 (i.e., |sign(d i )-sign(d i+1 )| = 2), where sign(d) = +1 for d >0 and sign(d) = −1 for d <0.
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This is distinct from content anomalies which can be defined as abnormal instances in data with respect to the implicit data alone.
Critical cases were defined as all instances where the animal was hospitalised to receive critical care (either intensive medical treatment and/or surgical intervention) at any point during the single episode of abdominal pain, or where the animal died or was euthanased on humane grounds as a result of the condition.
Eq(a Rightarrow a rightarrow a rightarrow )Bool, where constraint Eq(a) indicates that type variable (a) cannot be instantiated to an arbitrary type, but only to a type that has been defined as an instance of class Eq. An instance of a type class specifies instance types for type class parameters, and gives definitions of the overloaded names specified in the class.
Fnew is percentage of existing class instances defined as novel class instances.
When James Alan Fox, a criminologist at Northeastern University who has written extensively about extreme killing, compiled homicide data from across the country for 1976 to 2010, he found that 64 percent of mass murders — defined as any instance in which four or more people were killed more or less at the same time — had occurred in places with populations of less than 250,000.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com