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Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as excluding solids or any other fluids (including infant formulas) except medicines, vitamins, and minerals, in this study we found that the feeding type was either exclusive breastfeeding or mixed type of breast feeding and supplementary fluids, so we used the mixed feeding type as the reference group in the analysis.
However, very little is known about the sources, routes of uptake, levels, effects, and risks of pollutants and current-use pesticides (CUPs; here defined as excluding DDT) in breast milk, an aspect that needs serious consideration (Anderson and Wolff 2000; Bouwman et al. 2006; Landrigan et al. 2002; Lee 2007; Pohl and Abadin 2008; Solomon and Weiss 2002).
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If N1 occupies ≥ 90% of the sum of N1 + N2, then the ASE is defined as included; if N1 occupies ≤ 10% of the sum of N1 + N2, then the ASE is defined as excluded.
Amec intends to return "surplus cash" to shareholders, which is defined as EBITA (excluding non-cash items) less working capital, interest, tax and other normal calls on cash.
New York Governor David Paterson has proposed a penny-per-ounce tax on sugary drinks (defined as those, excluding milk and natural juices, with more than ten calories per eight ounces), and the mayors of Philadelphia and Pittsburgh are both pushing a 2-cents-an-ounce levy on sugary drinks.
Authentic metachronous gastric cancers were defined as cancers excluding those detected within 1 year after the enrolment.
In the meantime, the president keeps repeating the same mantra that "we don't torture" without mentioning that he defines torture as excluding anything short of death.
The chart below includes data from the study (to be published in The American Economic Review), and shows the share of women and the share of men who were managers or were in traditionally "male" professions (defined as all professionals excluding nurses and pre-university teachers) in the United States versus the average of 10 other developed countries.
Variability can also be defined as expected delays, excluding early arrivals, or as risks for delays of a certain magnitude.
In analyses for rainfall events, rainfall period (RP) was defined as the period excluding short no-rainfall periods within an event, and rainfall intensity (RFI) was as RF/RP.
( {E}_i^s ) and ( {M}_i^s ) are respective exports and imports to and from the world, and ( {E}_i^{* so} ) and ( {M}_i^{* os} ) are exports and imports to and from the rest of Japan, which is defined as the region excluding the two prefectures in Japan in this case.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com