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Adherence to the MRC framework was defined as citing either the first version [ 1] or the updated framework [ 3] as methodological guide for the development and evaluation of a complex intervention.
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But in March, when he issued a presidential memorandum on signing statements, Mr. Obama defined restraint as citing only "interpretations of the Constitution that are well founded," a subtle shift that provides greater leeway.
The sampling frame was defined as the 400 most cited papers from both Scopus and Web of Science using the search terms (cancer, onco*, tumor*, metasta*, neoplas*, malignan*, carcino*) for 2010, 2011, and 2012.
A journal's subject field is defined as the set of papers citing that journal.
DS were defined as per the US FDA definition cited above.
Here's how the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines piracy, as cited by the judge: "illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship … and directed … on the high seas, against another ship … or against persons or property on board such ship".
Articles were identified through systematic search of the abstract database PubMed followed by analyses of total number of citations and proportion of highly cited articles, arbitrarily defined as those with ≥100, 50 99, and 25 49 citations, respectively (citation database Scopus).
Knowledge was defined as "correct" if the participants could cite two correct modes of transmission, one of which had to be "sexual", and two methods of prevention of HIV/AIDS, one of which had to be "use of condoms" (http://nacp.gov.pk).
Development can be defined as "differentiation emerging from generality," Hiram explains, citing 19th-century embryologists and evolutionists.
The source was defined as the person or authority that was cited in the media report [ 20].
None of them wanted to date 'losers' - men they defined as lacking in ambition or talent; they never cited low pay as a factor.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com