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A core regulation is defined as a regulation network which is identical within a subgroup of samples and represents at least T% of the total number of samples (step 4 Figure 1).
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For example, given a regulation where gene A activates the expression of gene B, the regulation is defined as a sample-specific regulation for the particular sample and is included in the sample-specific regulation network if both genes A and B are over-expressed or under-expressed in the particular sample.
Epigenetic silencing may therefore better be defined as an epigenetic regulation that maintains a functionally silent state, irrespective of whether it is achieved through a transcription-independent (TGS) or transcription-dependent (PTGS) activity, or a combination of both.
The institutional environment is generally defined as a combination of binding regulations, contractual mechanisms, the economic environment (e.g., Miller and Holmes, 2009, 2010), legal rights and enforcement mechanisms (La Porta et al., 1998, 2006).
A significant up-regulation was defined as a foldchange ≥1.5 and a significant down-regulation was defined as foldchange ≤0.67.
Global regulation of a specific metabolic pathway is defined as a complementary set of the local regulation.
Immediate immunomodulation to acute psychological stress was defined as a short-term selective up-regulation of natural killer (NK) cell-associated cytotoxic and IL-12 mediated signaling genes that correlated with increased cortisol, catecholamines and NK cells into the periphery.
Significant regulation was defined as a p value that is <0.05 and a fold change that is ≥2.
Significant regulation was defined as a fold change between the treatment and untreated control groups greater than 3 or less than 1/3.
The most common movement disorder in CP is spastic paresis, defined as a posture and movement dependent tone regulation disorder [ 3].
STAT6 up- or down-regulation was defined as a 2-fold (or greater) difference from the mean expression level within a given data set.
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