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Alcohol dependence syndrome is defined as a chronic disease.
Alcoholism is a worldwide health problem defined as a chronic disorder of alcohol dependence (WHO, 2010).
Peri-implantitis is defined as a chronic infection of peri-implant tissue, with resorption of the supporting bone observable radiographically.
COPD is defined as a chronic disease whose pulmonary component is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible.
Due to frequent pain-relieving medication intake, migraineurs are predisposed to develop medication-overuse headache (MOH) [2 5], which is defined as a chronic headache disorder developed as a consequence of regular overuse of acute or symptomatic headache medication [6].
Defined as a chronic inflammatory airway disorder with bronchial hyper-responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, bronchial asthma is often punctuated with recurrent episodes of exacerbations with classical manifestations such as wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and nocturnal or early morning cough.
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Chronic productive cough is one of the most common symptoms in patients with sinobronchial syndrome, a common chronic bronchial disorder, which is defined as a coexisting chronic sinusitis and nonspecific chronic neutrophilic inflammation of the lower airways presenting with expectoration (e.g. chronic bronchitis, diffuse bronchiectasis and diffuse panbronchiolitis [ 1]).
Sinobronchial syndrome is defined as a coexisting chronic sinusitis and nonspecific chronic neutrophilic inflammation of the lower airways presenting with expectoration (e.g. chronic bronchitis, diffuse bronchiectasis and diffuse panbronchiolitis [ 1]).
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is often defined as a bilateral, chronic granulomatous panuveitis associated with central nervous system, auditory, and integumentary manifestations.
23 Participants with a positive history of asthma and other chronic lung diseases were defined as having a chronic respiratory disease, while arthritis and rheumatism were grouped together as arthritis.
Baseline health status was determined in the following way: participants in trials that specifically aimed to recruit people with an existing medical or psychiatric condition (e.g., cancer, diabetes, chronic heart disease, schizophrenia, obstructive sleep apnoea) were defined as having a chronic disease.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com