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Landlords would be able to make a case for direct payments to be made to them in instances where tenants could be shown to be vulnerable (although it did not define "vulnerability").
BB: Based on the research, I define vulnerability as uncertainty, risk and emotional exposure.
In this study we define vulnerability as 1-HDI so that countries with the lowest HDI levels are associated with the highest vulnerability and vice-versa.
Additionally, the BTV model requires a field survey to define vulnerability classes within the criteria 1 and 3, and numerical modeling for inundation hazard classes (criterion (2)).
The theoretical assumptions of the frequently-cited PAR model (Wisner et al. 2004) define vulnerability as a product of unsafe conditions that originate from a problem's root causes.
Other mathematical equations, such as exponential and polynomial, can be used to define vulnerability and fragility functions; however, care must be taken with these and with linear equations, as they are unbounded on the x-axis and y-axis and could result in negative values or probabilities >1.
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About one half of the reviewed papers (n = 12) defined vulnerability by reference to the segments of the population considered as being vulnerable, without explicitly taking into consideration the co-existence of different risk factors [ 25- 36].
Mr. Ayers defines vulnerability, in the film and in person.
The Sendai Framework defines vulnerability and resilience.
For instance, Duflo [20] defined vulnerability as "a probability: the risk a household will fall into poverty at least once in the next few years".
Defining vulnerability to poverty as the probability that a household's consumption will fall below some benchmark (poverty line) in the near future, the current study employed the VEP approach to measure vulnerability.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com