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A penalty formulation is used to define the contact between the rigid tank walls and the fluid.
Digital camera images taken simultaneously were used to define the contact areas by marking them either manually or automatically with the help of image-processing routines.
The modified non-linear Hertz contact law is used to define the contact force between the CNTRC target plates and the spherical impactor during the impact duration.
The traditional approach is to create a list of atom atom contacts (which immediately identifies the connectivity) together with symmetry operations used to define the contact.
Two sets of nodes were required to define the contact, with the concrete nodes specified as master nodes and the reinforcement nodes specified as slave nodes.
A simple and practical method was developed, by which this module was enabled to search for contact nodes and elements and to automatically define the contact surfaces for contact analysis.
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Contact type 37 of Lsdyna® software is used for defining the contact between airbag mesh and rigid plates.
As for the contact and boundary conditions, the CAE module Interaction that defines the contact relationship was used between two adjacent parts.
Open image in new window Fig. 3 Master and slave surfaces in Abaqus/Cae defining the contact behavior between pile and clay in the FE model Open image in new window Fig. 4 FE mesh of pile Open image in new window Fig. 5 Boundary Conditions used in Abaqus/Cae.
The difference between the advancing and receding contact angles defines the contact angle hysteresis.
A preload of 2 N defined the contact position at the start of the test.
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