The issue in Vance v. Ball State University was statutory, not constitutional: how does the federal law against employment discrimination define a "supervisor"?
The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, in Chicago, which heard Ms. Vance's suit, defines "supervisor" narrowly, limiting it to people with the power to hire, fire, demote, promote, transfer or discipline an employee.
On Monday, the Supreme Court solved the problem of supervisors sexually harrassing their employees, along with the problem of supervisors retaliating against employees who lodge complaints about discriminatory practices, by just cold declarin' that a whole mess of people who were previously, and conventionally, defined as "supervisors" weren't really supervisors at all.
The supreme court, however, didn't define the term "supervisor".
In most countries, the majority of doctoral candidates have some form of binding agreement that defines their supervisors' role, as Eurodoc recommends.
They also found that their workload was not clearly defined; that supervisors often prioritised facility-based responsibilities over community work and had no clear guidelines for supervision; that there are few incentives (beyond community recognition) for their work; and that CHWs were sometimes forced to use their own resources to subsidise services.
Supervisors define exceptions, add global blocked sites, or block all access to sites not on a user-created whitelist.
"When I finally got a meeting with my supervisor to define the scope of my project in preparation for my transfer exam from a MPhil student to a PhD student, he 'suggested' I change my project 1 year after starting because he commented that my project was on the 'border' of the interest of his group," she continues.
In order to assess level 2, a reference tool was designed for the practicum, enabling the trainee and his supervisor to define priority learning objectives and assess learning progress; for evaluation of classroom modules, no systematic tests were conducted before and after the sessions, but role plays and supervised exercises were used to monitor learning progress.
The involvement of a variety of different stakeholders has made it difficult for CHA supervisors to define managerial boundaries.
