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An energy-based approach to define proximity to partial or total collapse of the structure is also proposed.
This method of clustering points out a series of clustering techniques with close relationship that each point is considered as a discrete cluster in them and repeatedly combines two clusters which are close to each other (according to interspacing); therefore, this method requires to define "proximity cluster" concept.
This is shown by inspection of the nuclear localization of individual telomere trajectories, approximating the nucleus as an ellipsoid and using the Mahalanobis distance from the center to define proximity to the nuclear periphery (see B in Additional file 16).
We use a window size of 20 000 bp to define proximity of a SNP to a gene, in accordance with the threshold used for the interpretation of GWAS results in Atwell et al. (2010).
Using the 2-mi radius to define proximity, the absolute value for cord adducts was lower for the reference group (0.23 per 10) than for the other two groups (both 0.24 per 10), but the differences were not statistically significant.
The association of each telomere to the nuclear periphery was approximately assessed by viewing the nucleus as an ellipsoid and using the Mahalanobis distance from the center to define proximity to the nuclear periphery.
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The agency defined proximity as the area bordered by Chambers Street, five blocks north of ground zero; Rector Street, three blocks south; the Hudson River, on the other side of Battery Park City to the west; and Broadway, one block east of the trade center site.
As morphological criteria for identification of "giant" boutons we defined proximity to thorny excrescences of CA3 pyramidal neurons, their size and at least 1 filopodium.
We defined proximity to an NPP as the reciprocal of the distance in kilometre from residential address (at birth or diagnosis) to the nearest of these plants commissioned before the case child was born.
Candidate values for defining proximity of dead birds in space (0.40, 0.56, and 0.64 km) and time (3, 4, and 5 days) were based on the limited mobility (caused by lethargy, ataxia, and reluctance to fly) and lifespan of infected amplification hosts (5, 14, 23 ).
We will use the convention that the maximal proximity between two genes is 1 and the minimum proximity is 0. Specifically, we define the proximity as the topological overlap measure (TOM) [ 35- 37] which can also be defined for weighted networks [ 19].
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