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Using O to define "observed count" and E to define "expected count", the Chi-square test statistic is calculated by:, chi^{2} = frac{{sum {(O - E)^{2} } }}{E}.
Measured secretion rates of major byproduct metabolites can be applied as additional exchange flux constraints that define observed metabolic behavior.
The key components measured for GM crops are based upon species-specific OECD consensus documents that define observed ranges for proximates (protein, fat, carbohydrate, and moisture), amino acids, fatty acids, micronutrients (minerals, vitamins), anti-nutrients, and known toxins naturally present in the crop (OECD, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2006).
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Empowerment can be a difficult concept to define, observe, or assess because it is based on a vision of what can be.
Methods: A Postpartum Parenting Behavior Scale (PPBS) was formulated to measure clearly defined observed maternal behaviors toward the infant shortly after birth.
PRL ≥5 × upper limit of normal (not defined) was observed in 2/219 subjects (0.9 %), all in the randomized group that initially received lurasidone 80 mg/day for 14 days.
Casting an established actor (De Silva) opposite a talented newcomer (Duarte), Giorgelli conjures an extraordinary balance between an air of unaffected naturalism and a precisely defined, acutely observed dissection of human interaction.
"Secrets can define people," observes Inga, a philosopher, who is also grappling with the death of her husband, a critically acclaimed novelist.
Interictal spikes are brief (<250 ms), morphologically defined events observed in the EEGs of patients predisposed to spontaneous seizures of focal onset [1].
Among studies on the impact of PMI on merging both acquired and acquiring firms' performance, a key challenge is to define and observe a counterfactual.
The holes have an average depth of 17 ± 5 nm and start to close, losing the clearly defined facets observed in Fig. 1a (also illustrated in the drawing in Fig. 3a).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com