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We define harsh habitats as sites with the regular presence of one or more abiotic stressors, which can include naturally low levels of critical plant resources (e.g. nitrogen, light, oxygen or water), presence of toxins (e.g. heavy metals or salts) or temperature extremes (Table 1).
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These characteristics define a harsh environment, to which endemic species seem well-adapted due in particular to their strong demographic and dietary flexibility.
Therefore, the ETU model defines a harsh environment, where the performance of the conventional estimator is relatively poor.
In the Parental Behavior Scale used by Baetens et al. [ 23], behavioral control is defined as harsh punishment and neglect, whereas behavioral control in the ZKE, which we used, refers to demands, rules, and discipline.
Did we rely too much on the Republican base, letting cultural issues define us in a harsh light and driving away independents and suburban voters?
With four months to go before the primary balloting begins, and with much of the public still unable to even to name all the candidates, the Democratic hopefuls are trying to define themselves positively, leaving harsh differentiation for later.
Increasingly, Mr. Scanlon came to define a new, often harsher, certainly more immediate brand of public relations, often termed crisis management.
"Grating", defined as "sounding harsh and unpleasant", was illustrated with the phrase "her high, grating voice", while the adjective "nagging" used the example phrase "a nagging wife".
The presidential contender has come under increasing scrutiny in recent weeks after repeatedly using harsh language to define where he stands on the issue.
Ailes is "a world-historical figure" whose harsh perspective came to define American conservatism in his 20 years running the most-viewed cable news network in America.
He was subjected to extremely harsh interrogation, which some would define as torture.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com