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Finally, we define a price-payment equilibrium as follows.
In the final step, we define a price-payment equilibrium that endogenously derives the price of the illiquid asset as well as a corresponding clearing vector.
Despite the efforts of American legislators, and of companies such as BP, Shell and Unilever, to define a strong distinction between these payments and bribes, there is none in practice.
Active claims were defined as a payment received from the TAC within the last 6 months prior to being surveyed.
Diabetes related costs were defined as a payment associated with a diagnosis of diabetes (whether primary or secondary diagnosis) as well as payments for any antidiabetic medication.
9For instance, when insurers define the payment for average-severity patients as the fixed payment under the prospective payment system, the difference of payment for high- and average-severity patients can be interpreted as outlier payment.
*Balloon payments -- defined as "a scheduled payment that is more than twice as large as the average of earlier scheduled payments" -- are prohibited within the first 15 years of the loan.
It is also possible to define quasi-official payments, which include those payments that are illegal but for some reason tolerated by the government [ 7, 10, 11].
We define Mobile Payments companies as those that provide mobile payment infrastructure, mobile point of sale systems, and direct mobile payment solutions.
Allin et al [ 25] as well as Balabanova and McKee [ 4] define patient payments as direct payments by patients for services that should in principle be provided free-of-charge and usually within the public health care system.
P4P is defined as payment issued upon achievement of a predetermined performance target [ 3].
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