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Further studies confirm that the risk of adverse outcomes is defined more precisely by deficit indices than by phenotypic definitions of frailty [30].
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Water stress is calculated for each species on a daily time step and expressed as a transpiration deficit index (TDI).
A significant relationship was found between the plant water deficit index (PWDI) and the root-weighted (rather than the arithmetic) average SWC over root zone.
The agricultural drought was quantified using soil water deficit index (SWDI) derived based on available soil moisture and basic soil water parameters.
In the present work, a new approach to define the soil water deficit index (SWDI) is analyzed to use a soil water series for drought monitoring.
Agricultural drought is quantified using the Soil Water Deficit Index (SWDI) based on SMAP and soil properties (field capacity and available water content) information.
For example, the recently developed joint deficit index (JDI) is based on multivariate probabilities of precipitation over various time scales from 1- to 12-months, and was constructed from empirical copulas.
The following indices were calculated: ratio vegetation index (RVI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference based on NIR and green reflectance (NDNG), canopy chlorophyll concentration index (CCCI), and the water deficit index (WDI).
The method of LST NDVI space with standard meteorological data, as well as remote sensing data were combined by Moran et al. (1994), to estimate the water deficit index (WDI).
Daily evapo-transpiration (ET) was mapped at the regional extent over a Mediterranean vineyard watershed, by using ASTER imagery along with two temperature differencing methods: the Simplified Surface Energy Balance Index (S-SEBI) and the Water Deficit Index (WDI).
The sum of scores from these two tests is referred to as motor deficit index (MDI).
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