But because Congress routinely diverted much of the money to the Treasury for deficit reduction, actual appropriations have been far less.
For example, an unprecedented movement is afoot to appoint bona fide deficit hawks to the appropriations committee who will rein-in the out of control spending and slash our dangerous unsustainable deficits.
States, staggering under enormous budget deficits, have slashed their total appropriations for the arts 39percentthis fiscal yearar, to $272.4 million from a high of $446.8 million in 2001.
A recent study by Goldman Sachs includes this forecast: if the president's proposed new tax cuts are enacted, a Medicare prescription drug benefit is approved, the A.M.T. is adjusted and appropriations grow modestly, the deficits over the next 10 years will total $4.2 trillion -- even if the Social Security surplus is included.
We say "appear" because Forbes provided campuses with only four raw numbers tuition, state appropriation, enrollment and "state deficit percentage," whatever that is and only a vague overview of how tuition risk was calculated.
Because of a decade of capped appropriations as part of the deficit reduction legislation already passed, the administration is forced to make some cuts.
"The increases for defense, international affairs and homeland security have been much greater -- and thus have played a much larger role in the return to deficits -- than the increases for domestic appropriations," Mr. Kogan said.
Representative Jared Polis, Democrat of Colorado, said House Republicans shared responsibility for the debt because 147 of them voted last month to spend $915 billion under an omnibus appropriations bill, "all of which was deficit spending".
The current budget system, adopted in 1997 to bring down the budget deficit, is controlled by "spending caps" that limit appropriations in broad categories defined by Congress.
With sustained federal funding at risk in a deficit reduction environment, alternative funding models to augment appropriations should be considered including but not limited to a mandatory trust fund dedicated to steady growth in research.
