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Despite my deficient language skills, I was gripped every minute of the way.
Deficient language skills in the UK cost 3.5% of GDP, according to 2014 research by Cardiff Business School for UK Trade and Investment.
Deficient language skills and the assumption that "everyone speaks English" are costing the UK economy around £48bn a year, or 3.5% of GDP, according to research by Professor James foreman-Peck for the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills (BIS).
Since Icelandic is a resource deficient language there is no large text data available for building a statistical LM, especially for spontaneous speech.
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Therefore it is difficult to create a statistical LM for resource deficient languages.
In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of WBW and SBS translation methods and show the amount of data for the resource-deficient language required to par these methods.
The WBW translation is especially important for resource-deficient languages that do not have SBS machine translation tools available.
The above mentioned systems all use statistical machine translation (MT) often expensive to obtain and unavailable for resource-deficient languages.
Development of speech recognizers for resource-deficient languages using spoken utterances in a different language has already been reported in [2], where phonemes are identified in several different languages and used to create or aid an acoustic model for the target language.
Since data, for the purpose of developing a speech recognition system, is sparse or nonexisting for resource-deficient languages, it may be possible to use data from the other resource-rich languages, especially when available target language sentences are limited which often occurs when developing prototype systems.
Our last prime minister was so deficient in language – and so distrusting of it – he actually memorably ran out of words on occasion (when interviewed by Mark Riley over saying "shit happens" about the death of an Australian soldier).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com