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Neutrophils from healthy control individuals incubated with monoclonal antibodies to integrins, or neutrophils from patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency-1 both demonstrate deficient adhesion and transmigration through activated endothelial monolayers [ 29].
However, due to low density, poor mechanical strength, and deficient adhesion properties, ultra-low-к dielectrics may be damaged by stresses applied during the conventional CMP[3].
We also questioned if the deficient adhesion phenotype of the XacFhaB mutant strain could also affect cell-to-cell aggregation and biofilm development by X. axonopodis pv.
The data suggests that there might be a functional role for these adhesion molecules during the initial stages of the inflammatory response, and as the inflammatory process progresses, deficient adhesion mechanisms are bypassed.
E. histolytica has a larger capacity to induce phosphatidylserine exposure in the erythrocytes surface while E. dispar exhibits a deficient adhesion process with red blood cells and also a very poor induction of phosphatidylserine exposure, resulting in a less efficient phagocytosis [ 20].
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Genetically altered mice deficient in adhesion molecules have been developed, which provide an alternative approach to study the role of the adhesion molecules in neutrophil recruitment and tissue injury.
While rarefaction has been associated with vessel‐specific free radical production, deficient leukocyte adhesion, and cellular apoptosis, the relationships of rarefaction with structural alterations at the network and cellular level remain largely unexplored.
Thus, LFA1 and its ligand ICAM1 or inAM2 ICAM1-deficientent mice mediate adhesion and crawling of Ly6Clow monocytes to the endothelium.
So, like integrin-deficient chondrocytes, adhesion to the ECM decreased in Flnb chondrocytes, and inhibition of β1 integrin in these cells further impaired cell spreading [ 41].
In addition, some results of previous investigations have indicated that mice deficient in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 had defects in leukocyte homing to the kidney, resulting in attenuation of renal injury [ 6].
Mouse knockout cells deficient in focal adhesion kinase (FAK-/ cells) or fibroblasts derived from c-src-/-, c-yes-/-, and c-fyn-/ triple knockout mouse embryos (SYF cells) as well as stable expression of wt FAK in FAK-/ cells or wt c-Src in SYF cells have been already described [ 41, 42].
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