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In anergic T cells, dysregulated Ras function and deficient activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK, JNK, and p38, can be expected to result in only a limited induction of JunB protein during antigen stimulation [ 82- 84].
In patients with COPD there is deficient activation of Nrf2.
Similar deficient activation of paxillin was also observed in LASP KD-5 cells.
Analysis of signal transduction pathways pointed to deficient activation of proteins involved in focal adhesion turn over and cell motility.
Concomitantly, only cells lacking Moe1 have altered levels of Atf1, and display a deficient activation of Sty1 (Figure 4B and 4C).
In our model, although administration of donor splenocytes alive or apoptotic triggered initial expansion of indirect CD4 T cells, only apoptotic cell infusion was associated with deficient activation and deletion of indirect T cells.
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Asymptomatic DYT1-carriers show deficient activations in dorso-lateral premotor cortex and primary motor cortex which are associated with hyper-activation in the cerebellum with sequence learning (Ghilardi et al., 2003; Carbon et al., 2008).
Similarly, in WSX-1-/ mice, deficient STAT3 activation may factor in the enhanced IL-12 production and increased mast cell activation that is observed during T. gondii and T. muris infection, respectively (Figs 2 and 3) [ 21, 22].
Again, densitometric analysis failed to demonstrate a deficient STAT5 activation in the mutant glands.
Deficient caspase activation despite released cc results in negative CRAC values indicating defective apoptosis signaling.
Importantly, these cells have been shown to also have a deficient PLD activation [ 49].
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