This is an explosive combination: syphilis enhances the sexual transmission of H.I.V., and tuberculosis can worsen the immune deficiency caused by H.I.V.
The oxygen deficiency caused by long traveling length and clogging effect of liquid water reverses this relationship.
Nutritional deficiency caused by lack of metals in food or the amount of metals exceeding a certain threshold, produces toxic effects.
Of all monogenic forms of obesity, the only one causally treatable is congenital leptin deficiency caused by homozygous mutations of the leptin gene [4].
We describe a 65-year-old Thai woman who developed cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in the setting of Good syndrome a rare, acquired partial immune deficiency caused by thymoma.
For decades, oxygen deficiency caused by anthropogenic eutrophication has affected the Baltic Sea, and large areas of the seafloor are permanently hypoxic resulting in severely degraded benthic communities.
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a fatal muscle-wasting disease, is characterized by dystrophin deficiency caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene.
For instance, treatment of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency caused by SURF1, SCO2 or COX15 genetic mutations in mice, with AMPK agonist 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), partially rescued mitochondrial dysfunction and improved motor performance [111].
In addition, NR supplementation and reduction of NAD+ consumption by a specific PARP inhibitor significantly improved mitochondrial respiratory chain defect and exercise intolerance, in a mouse model of COX deficiency caused by SCO2 mutation [26].
Congenital leptin deficiency caused by homozygous mutations in the leptin gene results in impaired satiety, intense hyperphagia, and extreme early-onset obesity accompanied by multiple metabolic, hormonal, and immunological abnormalities.
Furthermore, a feedback resistant lysC from Corynebacterium glutamicum encoding the aspartate kinase was introduced to complement the enzymatic activity deficiency caused by thrA deletion and a 9% increase of ectoine titer was obtained.
