Severe iodine deficiency is known to cause brain damage and is the biggest cause of mental deficiency in the developing world.
The high prevalence of iron deficiency in the developing world has substantial health and economic costs, including poor pregnancy outcome, impaired school performance, and decreased productivity.
D deficiency in the developing skeleton is related to rickets, while in adults is related to osteomalacia.
We have also identified the mouse Shox2 gene as a potential target of ATRX, and we observed that Shox2 expression levels are highly sensitive to ATRX deficiency in the developing mouse brain.
Thus, biofortifying the rice grain with novel promoters or enhancers of Fe utilization would be one of the most effective strategies to prevent the high prevalence of Fe deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in the developing world.
Individuals in developed nations can easily fulfill their daily requirement of vitamin E, but vitamin E deficiency (VED) in the developing countries is more common in premature infants and elderly people [ 9].
The vast majority of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV /acquired immune deficiency syndrome reside in the developing world, in settings characterized by limited health budgets, critical shortages of doctors, limited laboratory monitoring, a substantial burden of HIV in children, and high rates of coinfection, in particular tuberculosis.
Folate deficiency causes birth defects in the developing foetus during the earliest weeks of pregnancy before most women are aware that they are pregnant.
Given these requirements, vitamin A deficiency, which is widespread in the developing world, is responsible for at least one million instances of unnecessary death and blindness each year [ 69].
Blood manganese levels tend to be higher with lower blood iron levels [ 58], and iron deficiency, which is especially common in the developing world, can exacerbate manganese toxicity [ 59– 61].
