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This effect was stronger in rule-in blocks, leading to a rule type (rule-in, rule-out) x decision (commit, defer) interaction on response times (F 1,19) = 27.8, p < 0.0001) with no main effect of rule type (F 1,19) = 1.1, p = 0.3).
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Accordingly, we have toned down our language in asserting this claim; nevertheless, in the Discussion section we continue to call upon the neural data from the dACC which show both a main effect (of commit vs. defer) and an interaction exclude/include x value to support the argument that there are separable additive and multiplicative biases, and that the dACC signals encode these biases.
A statistically indistinguishable pattern of activity was observed more ventrally in the medial orbitofrontal cortex (BA 10), a region that has been labeled arMFC or vmPFC (rule x value interaction on defer trials: peak −2, 52, −10; t(19) = 4.85, p < 0.00006) and where activity typically correlates the expected value during independent choices (O'Doherty et al., 2001; Plassmann et al., 2007).
In a subsequent analysis, we additionally extracted the BOLD timeseries from the peak group response to rule x decision x value in the dACC (−6, 32, 34) and included it (and its interaction with defer vs commit) as an additional regressor.
(C ) Voxels responding to the interaction of rule and value on defer trials (left, at p < 0.0001) and commit trials (right, at p < 0.001).
Average BOLD signals differed between commit and defer decisions, with no difference according to rule type (p > 0.5) and no interaction (p > 0.9).
"Don't defer and defer and defer," recommended Gaitskell.
People defer to her.
Lead or defer.
I defer.
Er, I'll defer.
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