As expected, marker genes associated with each of the classical defense pathways were induced by their corresponding signaling molecule (Figure 2B).
For example, the expression level of the classical defense gene PBZ1 vary up to 35-fold (Additional file 7), with a value of 0.02 in one of the most susceptible cultivar, Sariceltik, and a value of 0.7 in the most resistant cultivar, Moroberekan (Additional file 3).
The development of such a literature was part of the Renaissance and, as such, was intimately related to the defense of Classical art.
When M. tuberculosis infects macrophages, the mycobacteria must overcome exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS), one of the classical innate defense mechanisms against infection.
The pin with 4... Bb4 introduces the MacCutcheon Variation, a counterattack rather than pure defense as in the classical 4... Be7.
M2 macrophages are capable of synthesizing pro-fibrotic mediators, but this cell type is inefficient at supporting the host defense provided by the classical M1 macrophage [3].
For example, crosstalk between defense mechanisms dependent on the defense hormones SA and JA on the one hand and each of the classical growth-controlling phytohormones, auxin, gibberellin, ABA, cytokinin or brassinosteroids on the other hand have been reported [ 11].
The serine protease C1R catalyzes the initial event of the classical complement pathway, which is crucial for innate defense mechanisms against pathogens and altered-self cells [ 14].
C1 is the multimolecular protease that triggers activation of the classical pathway of complement, a major element of antimicrobial host defense also involved in immune tolerance and various pathologies.
Indeed, Bosanquet's defense of elements of classical deductive logic against J.S. Mill's criticisms "made philosophy safe for logic" and was, in large part, responsible for "rehabilitating" logic in British philosophy, particularly after the critiques of Locke and his successors (see Allard 2007).
