Marion's on-ball defense is merely the beginning of a more complex defensive ecosystem.
They can be listed as follows: transportation and harbors, tourism and boating, cities and coasts, fisheries and aquaculture, mineral resources, energy, security and defense, environment and marine ecosystems, governance, knowledge and know-how, cultures and images.
The main knowledge gap hampering application of intertidal ecosystems within coastal defense schemes is lack in ability to account quantitatively for long-term ecosystem dynamics.
Solutions integrating intertidal ecosystems in coastal defense schemes offer promising opportunities in some situations, but require better mechanistic understanding of ecosystem dynamics in space and time to enable successful large-scale application.
Integrating intertidal coastal ecosystems within coastal defense schemes offers a promising way forward.
One may speak of the integrity of a wilderness region or an ecosystem, a computerized database, a defense system, a work of art, and so on.
Skin's acidity, an important part of the skin surface ecosystem and a contributor to defense against microbiological or chemical insults, plays a role in skin barrier homeostasis and stratum corneum desquamation.
For too long, human and industrial development has worked against nature, knocking out the ecosystems that create a natural defense against storms.
To combat these and other invasive species, which could threaten the Great Lakes ecosystem and its $7 billion fishing industries, the resources defense council has proposed physical barriers to separate Chicago waterways and Lake Michigan from the Mississippi.
An alternative is the use of the natural product, tannin, as biocide that, besides being produced by different plants as part of their defense system against pathogenic agents, is non-toxic to the ecosystem of the ocean.
