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As soon as members of a colony respond to defense behaviour executed by other colony members with twitching and kicking, synchronized defense behaviour in the form of CTKR is the consequence.
We investigate nest defense behaviour, because defending the nest from conspecific usurpers carries a risk of serious injury [20].
We find no differences in foraging effort, defense behaviour, aggression or inheritance rank between unrelated helpers and their related counterparts.
One induced phenotype is an adaptive defense behaviour, i.e., stasis at the bottom of water column, directly triggered by the predation risk.
This selective force promotes colony formation and probably led to the collective defense behaviour that can be found in A. nerii and U. hypochoeridis.
In summary, we test the hypotheses that foraging effort, intra-nest aggression, nest defense behaviour, and inheritance rank, will vary according to a subordinate's relatedness to the dominant.
Similar(54)
In the current study collective defense of U. hypochoeridis and A. nerii that is based on non-lethal defensive behaviour against some natural aphid-enemies is described for the first time.
The findings that defense (aggregative behaviour) increase when predators are present could be just the result of complex patterns of (plastic) cooperation among strains which change through time, for instance as a response to persistent predation risk.
DesJardin, J. T. et al. Defense-like behaviours evoked by pharmacological disinhibition of the superior colliculus in the primate.
Cicero, thenceforth usually counsel for the defense, presented hair-raising behaviour as commonplace and claimed it as acceptable.
Since the number for the remaining insect defensive behaviours was too low for analysis, a new variable called "defense" was created, consisting of the sum of the behaviours groom, shake, swat, stomp, skin shiver, and ear flick.
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