The presence of invasive devices is important in the genesis of nosocomial infections in the ICU, suggesting that local defects in host defence contribute to infection [ 9].
Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other reactive intermediates and decreased efficiency of antioxidant defences actively contributes to parenchymal cell death and to excess tissue remodelling and fibrogenesis [ 1- 6, 14, 15, 18, 23].
And while you rightly point out that Europe's defence spending is but a fraction of America's, the money that Europe does not spend on defence contributes to it having the means to substantially increase its funding for aeronautical R&D, largely to the benefit of Airbus.
If our specific hypothesis is correct, that defence allocation contributes to range limit development by negatively affecting stress tolerance, this would help explain why mustards (Brassicaceae), which all contain GSs, generally inhabit high-altitude temperate regions where populations have patchy distributions (I. A. Al-Shehbaz, pers. commun).
Besides a critical role in innate host defence, complement activation contributes to inflammatory and immunological responses in a number of pathological conditions.
Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease, and an imbalance of innate immune-defence system markedly contributes to the destruction of the periodontium [ 1].
25 Matrilysin (MMP-7) deficiency in mice contributes to defence against luminal bacteria and re-epithelialisation, 26 while TIMP-3 deficiency results in higher susceptibility to experimental colitis.
The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β is a key mediator of host-defence responses, which also contributes to the pathogenesis of diverse diseases 1.
These observations strongly suggest that oxidants have a major role in the cytotoxic effect of this compound, and, by extension, that antioxidant defences may contribute to cancer cell resistance to doxorubicin and other pro-oxidant drugs in vivo.
Australia also directly contributes to the defence of Pacific countries by periodically deploying warships and aircraft to patrol their territorial waters; this includes an annual deployment of RAAF AP-3 Orions to the region as part of a multi-national maritime surveillance operation.
