One can argue by extension that the CMNs may induce systemic defence in ecosystems, minimizing disease occurrence and severity in plant communities.
Further studies on plant-plant communication will promote our understanding of systemic defence in natural ecosystems, which in turn may provide clues to manipulate plant defences in agroecosystems.
There is a general concern whether microbial antibiotics do play a major role in defence in their respective ecosystems, instead there is more and more evidence for principal roles of small molecules in cell-cell communication rather than in antibiosis [23].
Temmerman, S. et al. Ecosystem-based coastal defence in the face of global change.
Results from the DELOS Environmental Design of Low Crested Coastal Defence Structuress, EVK3-CT-2000-00041) project indicate that the construction of coastal defence structures will affect coastal ecosystems.
As an alternative to engineering solutions, ecosystem-based coastal defence strategies have been recommended as better and more sustainable solutions, although it has not been clearly demonstrated that they really work.
Nowadays Carole King would see herself as an environmental activist as much as a songwriter, and she is to be found constantly lobbying congress in defence of the wildlife and ecosystems of her beloved Idaho.
Biosensor holds the potentials to report the presence and bioavailability of natural or synthetic bioactive molecules eliciting responses of fundamental importance for the ecological interactions in agro-ecosystems, such as competition, defence, attraction, signalling, antibiosis.
Salt marshes provide important regulating ecosystem services, including natural flood defence and carbon sequestration, which adds value to restoration and biodiversity offsetting schemes.
But in Mind Candy's defence, its new model of creating an ecosystem of complimentary mobile products which support each other could well lift it back up again.
