Exact(3)
Genetic impairment of autophagy was also performed using shRNA targeting of Atg7, and starved HCT116-BaxKO shAtg7 cells were found to undergo massive osmotic cell death (∼80%) due to defective entry into the autophagic stasis state (<5%) (Fig. 1A), as confirmed by the dramatic decrease in Atg5-Atg12 conjugate in these cells (Fig. 1B).
These experiments suggest that the attenuated phenotype of the mptC mutant observed in vivo is not due to defective entry or initial persistence in macrophages.
Since we also observed defective entry into S phase of the cell cycle after knockout of PDCD2 in early mouse embryos, we were interested in determining if nuclear p53 was induced in PDCD2 knockout embryos.
Similar(5)
Even though curcumin treatment increased the pathogenicity of S. Typhimurium, the treated-bacteria were defective in entry into the host cells in vitro (Figure 7A).
Curcumin-treated WT bacteria but not ΔphoP (data not shown) are defective in entry into the epithelial cells under in vitro condition.
The amount of GLUT2 protein in the membranes of liver, pancreas and kidney cells showed that the phenotype of transgenic mice was not caused by defective glucose entry into the cells but rather by the inability of the cells to detect extracellular glucose.
Hyperaceylation and hypomethylation of histone H3 and up-regulation of Cdc14B/C accompanied by down-regulation of CyclinB1 and CyclinB2 were further recognized as contributors to defective M-phase entry and spindle assembly in oocytes.
To ensure that these observations could not result from a background of infection by competent virus, parallel cultures were infected with wild type virus at an MOI of 0.01, a level of infection some tenfold higher than would result from the 'worst case' scenario using preparations of entry defective virions (see Methods).
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