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Triangular wave shocked samples exhibited the highest resistivity at 4 K indicating the highest defect (point and dislocation) formation in copper samples.
Strong acid solution treatment can create defects in the side walls of CNTs, and the carboxylic acid groups are generated at the defect point, predominantly on the open ends.
The defect point is also identified in the contrast intensity plot in the inset, which shows the contrast peaks for the atoms inside the red box of Fig. 3b.
It is believed that this phenomenon results from the energetically active edges formed during electroporation, which can act as the local defect point to nucleate stalk growth between two bilayers.
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The curvature-deviation method uses the deviation-based indicators to quantify the surface deflection and uses the local curvature information to filter defect points in evaluation algorithm.
Many materials science problems require relating materials' properties to the atomic structure near the materials' surfaces, interfaces, extended defects, point defects, and other types of strain fields.
The results show that a lot of defect structures are formed in the subsurface of workpiece during nano-cutting process, for instance, stair-rod dislocations, stacking fault tetrahedron, atomic clusters, vacancy defects, point defects.
For instance, stair-rod dislocations, stacking fault tetrahedron, atomic clusters, vacancy defects, and point defects are formed in the workpiece.
However, intricate defects including point defects, dislocations, grain boundaries, and type of edges are inevitably formed during the synthetic reactions.
The change in line shape is representative of the dominance of planar defects over point defects [11].
If I am feeling a bit weedy and insecure, I try to stay away from the comments; there are some days when I don't need my all too obvious defects pointed out.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com