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2) Thymic selection using OTII-Tg mice showed significant defect of development of mature TCR + T cells, the author might not simply neglect the effect on thymic selection.
The article we reproduce here details the two major theories of congenital dislocation of the hip: "a primary germinal fault… and)…a defect of development of environmental origin" [1].
Throughout the literature, the main contentions for the various theories are based upon two assumptions,— one that the lesion is the result of a primary germinal fault; the other, that it is due to a defect of development of environmental origin.
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Mice strains carrying mutations in genes related to zinc metabolism show various defects of development [5], [6].
The number of fingers on the human hand is completely determined by genetics – the rare deviations from 5 fingers on each hand being caused by defects of development (e.g., from thalidomide and therefore are not heritable).
Thus, bone alterations in JIA likely represent a mixed defect of bone development and lower muscle strength [ 6].
In Drosophila, the null phenotype manifests as a defect of axonal development, while knockout mice show impaired motor learning and cerebellar synaptic plasticity.
Of these genes, 4 have been implicated previously in aspects of CNS development, raising the possibility that their increased transcription could contribute to the defects of neural development in Hdac1-deficient embryos.
We have observed defects of early development in aggregates from hiPSC-ASPM cells characterized by a less organized neuroepithelium and fewer vRG, oRG, and defective layer lamination (Figs. 4 and S4).
Defects of vulva development result in impaired egg-laying, and are generally characterized by morphological particularities such as protruding vulva or abnormal eversion of the vulva.
Different region-specific brain gene markers were also used to monitor the defects of brain development, but no phenotypic changes were observed (data not shown).
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