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The underlying metabolic defect is a defective transport of cystine across the lysosomal membrane [ 1, 2].
The importance of ankyrin in maintaining membrane structural integrity is highlighted in erythrocytes where the majority of human hereditary spherocytosis cases actually result from mutations of ankyrin R and not spectrin, even though the common cellular defect is a defective spectrin lattice (10, 11).
In this letter he wrote, "The fundamental defect is a want of power in Congress…the confederation itself is defective and requires to be altered; it is neither fit for war, nor peace".
Among young athletes, the defect is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death -- not myocardial infarction, or heart attack.
"The idea of replacing [defective] mitochondria with mitochondria that don't have the defect is a wholly good thing to do," Lord Winston says.
Atrial septal defect is a noncyanotic type of congenital heart disease and usually is not associated with serious disability during childhood.
The Bravia defect is a blow to Sony's struggling television business, which has long prided itself on quality while trying to keep up with lower-cost rivals.
These phenomena indicate that the defect is a hidden crack.
Trauma-associated peripheral nerve defect is a widespread clinical problem.
Atrial septal defect is a serious congenital heart disease.
A defect is a persistent error in a component.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com