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Blades of the propeller flap differ in dimensions and can be designed, according to defect feature, in a "freestyle" technique following the origin and direction to the cutaneous paddle of the perforator vessels [8].
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The surface appears bright, whereas the defect features appear darker.
The description parameters of the defect features are shown in Table 1.
Design goals include detection of flaws and correlation of defect features based on co-occurrence matrix.
This may be due to the presence of surface defect features which seem to be more pronounced on the 20-nm film compared to all the other samples.
Starting from detected defect features, the fatigue behavior is studied numerically looking separately at the two fundamental phases, i.e. crack initiation and crack growth.
Results show that these defects can easily be invisible, i.e., no presence of characteristic defect features like modulated contrast in high-resolution TEM images and streaks in diffraction patterns.
The defect features observed in hydrothermally grown greigite (Fig. 8) are in agreement with greigite growth by oriented aggregation of precursor mackinawite particles and consecutive oxidation and rearrangement of iron atoms.
In our case here, the cross-sectional observations can provide important information about the in-depth phase distribution and the embedded defect features introduced by contact loading that were impossible to be observed with the plain-view samples.
The results indicated that, in spite of the consistent secondary dendrite arm spacing for all specimens, a wide range of microstructural and defect features were responsible for the fatigue behavior.
The harmonics of defect features are computed using Eq. (2) with f s = 50 Hz and (beta) = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Figure 1 shows that some fault characteristic frequency components are buried in the spectrum, and it is difficult to predict which characteristic frequency components will protrude in the spectrum.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com