The cortical architecture of bone defects analysed by micro-computed tomography showed a trend towards higher bone volume in the ACS + R1 group compared with SHAM, which was accompanied by an increase in the bone mineral density.
The mechanical stability of each defect is analysed using stress distribution analysis.
To explore the global gene expression changes which may underline these developmental defects, microarray analyses were performed in a whole embryo mouse culture model that allows control over alcohol and embryonic variables.
Each defect was analysed for bone volume, and the resulting ratio of bone volume to total volume (BV/TV) was calculated, based on the size of the cylinder isolated from the 3D reconstruction.
For limb deficiencies, oral cleft defects, and congenital heart defects, we restricted analyses to isolated birth defects.
The optimal region for annealing of irradiation induced defects was analysed.
The compressive behaviour of these structures is captured and microstructural defects are analysed using X-ray micro-tomography.
The delamination of the polymeric coating in the vicinity of defects is analysed by the scanning Kelvin-probe.
On the basis of the computer simulation results, upper arm parts were fabricated, and defects were analysed by observing the microstructures.
