The case concludes with an epilogue, noting that much of Cimino and Gibbs' decentralization efforts were reversed after the 1973 mayoral election, when Abraham Beame came into office.
Given the high negative impact of power disruptions, these decentralization efforts have typically been preceded by extensive sensitivity studies with empirically-based computational models.
Migration and integration will be essential to decentralization efforts.
Second, it is the separatists' sponsor, Putinist Russia, that completely reversed the decentralization efforts undertaken after 1991 and has now completely centralized Russia.
Negative experiences with decentralization efforts have been more common.
Furthermore, despite decentralization efforts, key functions of human resource management (recruitment, overall staff distribution, remuneration, promotion and transfers) remain highly centralized.
Following independence, Georgia embarked on health sector reforms, the main focus of which was a modernization of public health services combined with decentralization efforts.
Decentralization efforts launched after Alma-Ata have had mixed results, frequently not improving local service delivery or the standard of care in rural areas [ 34, 35].
Furthermore, studies show that decentralization efforts too often focus on financial and structural reforms and do not take sufficient account of the human resource dimension [ 77, 78].
Mr. Fujimori ended an early decentralization effort when he tightened his grip on power in the early 1990's.
Part and parcel of this so-called decentralization effort has been the imposition of financial measures control by the numbers.
