Several studies have indicated that LBA is a potential problem for reconstructing deep animal phylogeny [ 6– 8, 13, 45].
Furthermore, we focused our analysis both at the "deep" phylogenetic level, reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among the major extant odontocete lineages, and the "shallow" level examining interrelationships among delphinid species in the Sousa- Delphinus- Tursiops- Stenella complex.
At least in several bivalves (families Donacidae, Hyriidae, Margaritiferidae, Mytilidae, Solenidae, Unionidae, and Veneridae), the occurrence of doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) of the mt genome [ 39] has been proposed to cause higher substitution rates and thus faster saturation of the phylogenetic signal, hampering their use in reconstructing deep phylogenies.
The most serious problem for reconstructing deep-level phylogeny from mitochondrial sequences is substitution saturation [ 55, 56].
Owing to their different evolutionary patterns – a less biased base composition and lower saturation than mitochondrial genes [ 13, 14] – nuclear genes have represented a reasonable alternative to mtDNA for reconstructing deep-level mammalian phylogenies [[ 15- 21]; but see [ 22]].
We also show the inclusion method by reconstructing the deep label of new data from the deep labels of its neighbors.
However, reconstructing the deep evolutionary history of TE superfamilies can be a difficult process, due to their rapid rate of evolution (Peterson-Burch and Voytas 2002) which often results in unresolved phylogenetic trees.
Due to its universality and remarkably stable feature in genome content across various metazoan phyla, comparisons of the mitochondrial genome information (e.g., nucleotide sequence, amino acid sequence and gene order rearrangement) have often proven useful for reconstructing the deep node phylogeny and for assessing the phylogenetic relationships among closely related species [ 36- 39].
Conservators at Munich's Technical University have been studying fragments of the statues for the last 18 months and have concluded that the smaller one, which stood 125 feet tall but was only about 6 feet deep, could be reconstructed by reassembling the recovered parts.
