The Arabic triliteral root q-d-r means "to measure, compute, estimate"; "to decree, appoint, ordain"; and "to have power, or ability".
At the same time, the emperor retained his power of decree and his authority to appoint the government.
Mr. Karzai issued a decree earlier this year giving him power to appoint all five members, but that decree was rejected by the lower house of Parliament in March.
Even though the reformers had already selected Anselm of Lucca as Alexander II in accordance with the election decree of 1059, Henry proceeded to appoint Cadalo, bishop of Parma, who took the name Honorius II as antipope in 1061.
The United States and others rightly cried foul — the administration even canceled Mr. Karzai's planned White House visit — after the Afghan president issued a decree that would allow him to appoint all of the members of the election watchdog commission that exposed the fraud in last year's election.
Still, in 2000, when the Department of Justice threatened to sue the city unless it signed a consent decree that would allow the D.O.J. to appoint an independent monitor, Mayor Richard Riordan said the L.A.P.D. should be fixed internally.
In December 1999, after the United States Justice Department completed a three-year investigation, the state entered a consent decree that allows a federal judge to appoint a monitor to ensure that the state deters racial profiling in the future.
His new powers include the ability to issue decrees which carry the force of law, to appoint top judges and officials, and give him complete control of the Cabinet.
The commission's statutory power and independence deeply irked Mr. Karzai, who issued a decree in February giving himself the ability to appoint all five members.
The lawsuit, which aims to cover more than 58,000 students, said Michigan's emergency manager law allows for Snyder to appoint an unelected individual to "rule by decree" over the school system.
