Protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase (LigAB) catalyzes dioxygenation of multiple lignin derived aromatic compounds—such as protocatechuate (PCA), gallate (GA) and 3-O-methyl gallate (3OMG with decreasing proficiency as the molecule size increases.
Legibility shows a similar decline with decreasing proficiency in all cases, indicating that calculated proficiencies correlate reasonably well with actual function.
If decreasing proficiency results in an increased amount of time needed for lexical access, then this "negative shift" in interference effects should be even more pronounced: i.e. the negative shift should increase with decreasing proficiency.
Would you board a plane whose pilot had been approved to fly with a decreased proficiency?
The bilingual lexical disadvantage hypotheses predict a negative shift of peak interference due to the relatively decreased proficiency of both the L2 and L1 in bilinguals compared to monolinguals.
*Nurweni and Read's (1999) study on Indonesian university learners of English, however, showed a contrasting result in that the strength of correlations between a WAF and a word translation task gradually decreased from higher proficiency learners (.81) to the middle group (.43) and lower proficiency learners (.18).18
Both intended effort and anxiety were negatively related to perceived proficiency, that is to say, when students were anxious, or had a strong sense of intended effort, their perceived proficiency decreased.
Of course, the number of incorrect responses decreased with increasing proficiency in mathematics.
Citizenship status has not previously been shown to be a determinant of mammography use; it may be related to predictors of mammography use found in other studies such as poorer language proficiency, decreased acculturation, and foreign birth [ 17- 19, 22, 24- 27, 29- 31], although language, education, and birthplace did not emerge as being particularly salient predictors in our study.
The analyses represent an attempt to examine two (possibly overlapping) potential explanations for the changes in achievement observed in Ireland: (i) the decline in PISA scores is due to a decrease in engagement (ii) the decline in PISA scores is due to a decrease in proficiency.
It's been suggested that the benefits of caffeine, in terms of heightened focus, might be offset by a decrease in proficiency at more imaginative tasks.
