Sampling impoverishment decreases the performance of the tracking process drastically.
Both financial catastrophe and impoverishment decreased as the village deprivation quartile increased, with a significant dose-response relationship (p < 0.01), and households in the highest (least deprived) quartile were less likely to incur these financial hardship than those in other quartiles.
Plantations of short-rotation coppice (SRC) have a potential for being a useful measure to stop the ongoing impoverishment of farmland biodiversity by increasing structural diversity, and decreasing cultivation intensity and use of pesticides in intensively managed farmland landscapes.
It is associated with impoverishment and decreased spending on food (2, 3).
However, the experience of user fees for health care in the region showed adverse effects in the form of, among other things, decreased utilization of services and impoverishment of households as a result of payment for health care.
We measured catastrophic spending on NCD-related hospitalization, defined as occurring when health expenditures exceeded 40% of a household's ability to pay, that is, household consumption spending less combined survival consumption expenditure; and impoverishment when per capita expenditure within the household decreased to below the poverty line once health spending was netted out.
Language problems are mainly characterised by a shrinking vocabulary and decreased word fluency, leading to a general impoverishment of oral and written language.
For the individual, these consequences can range from death to dramatic changes in lifestyle (e.g., disability and decreased productivity), increased costs of long-term medical treatment and rehabilitation and even impoverishment.
Changes in landscapes and intensive agricultural practices are current threats to woodcock populations: destruction of hedges, decrease of permanent grazed meadows, impoverishment of soils fauna biomasses from ploughing and chemical applications.
In some cases, area loss can be preceded by impoverishment, due to general decrease in the quality of the forest, or due to specific harvesting of highly prized species like Rhizophora spp, which can lead to an underestimation of the rate of disappearance of certain species.
