Exact(3)
With a stepwise monotonically decreasing (downstairs) bandwidth reservation scheme, it is shown that if switching occurs at the transition points in the "downstairs", then the best QoS can be achieved.
In this article, the monotonically decreasing "downstairs" reservation scheme and bitstream switching approach for streaming of pre-coded VBR video are analyzed.
Therefore, transmission may be initiated with a relatively lower quality video (hence lower bit rate) and then switched to a higher quality video when sufficient bandwidth becomes available or the bandwidth requirement of high-quality video is reduced with time which is a property of the monotonically decreasing "downstairs" reservation function.
Similar(57)
As discussed in Section 2.1, the "downstairs" reservation function is based on the moving average and guarantees monotonically decreasing step function (downstairs).
It can be seen that the new "downstairs" step is less than the previous step of the target bitstream keeping the monotonically decreasing nature of the "downstairs" reservation function.
Also as the bandwidth requirement in "downstairs" decreases monotonically, once the bandwidth is allocated then possibility of denial of future requests is greatly reduced.
Another monotonically decreasing rate scheduler (referred as "downstairs") is proposed in [13], which is based on the moving average of bit rates.
In this section, we review the concept of monotonically decreasing rate scheduler (i.e., "downstairs"), switching frames, and some fundamental parameters used to evaluate the QoS in video streaming that are necessary to follow the rest of the article.
But due to the different coding nature of the switching frames, the transition points of the "downstairs" may change that are required to be handled in such a way that the shape of "downstairs" is preserved and, i.e., a monotonically decreasing curve [20, 21].
Consider a function f(t) calculated using the procedure in Equation 1. Assume S 1, S 2, S 3... are the heights of the "downstairs" (in decreasing order), N 1, N 2, N 3... are the frame positions at which the step changes occur, and r i is the number of bits at i th frame, then the step heights of the new "downstairs" are S k ′ = ∑ i = N k - 1 + 1 N k r i N k - N k - 1 (4).
Our current study demonstrated that the IPFP area was associated with decreased presence of knee pain when walking on a flat surface and, and to a lesser extent, pain when walking upstairs/downstairs, which is opposite to what was expected, thus it had a protective effect on mechanical knee pain, which is biologically plausible.
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