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The choice of the buffer size can probably be seen as a trade-off between bias and variance: The use of smaller buffers decreases sample size (increasing variance) but also probably decreases exposure misclassification (assuming that exposure is better assessed for subjects living closer to an AQMS).
For example, if correlation between measures is 0.65, increasing the number of measures from two to three decreases sample size requirements by about 6%.
For a trial without baseline measures, increasing the number of post-treatment assessments from four to seven decreases sample size by about 4%.
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Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, CP, and NDFD all increased with decreasing sample size, while IVTD and starch decreased with decreasing sample size.
As a rule, with decreasing sample size, the effective macroscopic stiffness and strength of Voronoi samples decrease under compression and bending, and increase under shear and indentation.
Development is continuing along these lines, aiming to expand the types of datable materials and improve accuracy and precision, whilst decreasing sample size and cost.
The stress required for twin propagation was found to increase with decreasing sample size, showing a typical "smaller is stronger" behavior.
The historical wind records and available meteorological stations, however, are often short and insufficient or unavailable; a decreased sample size increases the uncertainty in the estimated quantiles.
Multivariate predictive mathematical models for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy by decreasing sample size and time to clinical outcomes maximize trial efficiency and identify the patients most likely to benefit from secondary prevention.
Because of the changing growing area and decreasing sample size due to aging and self-thinning, more and more difficulties arose in deriving reliable mean tree and sum values per hectare from Nelder trials.
Parametric tests increase study efficiency, as such tests are more powerful and outcomes are expressed in score changes rather than response/relapse rates; therefore decreasing sample size requirements.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com