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Although the impacts on other pests were more complex, the combined effects of ozone and the pests decreased tree growth about as much as carbon dioxide stimulated it.
In general, water deficits decreased tree growth, reduced crown size, reduced biomass accumulation and leaf area, and resulted in more enriched values of δ13C, all of which were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by treatment.
Accounting for decay and structural loss in standing dead trees significantly decreased tree- and plot-level C stock estimates (and subsequent C stocks) by decay class and tree component.
Because of potential decreased tree vigour and increased likelihood of attack by insects or diseases, logging injury to the remaining trees may lead to serious economic losses in terms of timber quality at the final harvest (Kiser 2011), wood losses of damaged trees and tree growth reduction (Ohman 1970; Vasiliauskas 2001).
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Despite decreasing tree density, the increases in DBH and BA caused the living tree biomass to increase.
Sapling density significantly increased with increasing BA of conspecific trees and increasing minimum distance to grassland and marginally increased with increasing elevation and decreasing tree density (Table 2).
We also show that decreasing tree dispersal distances, in the case of symmetric competition, results in a wave-like spatial pattern, caused by desynchronized sub-populations.
A negative value means a drop in relative position when outgroups are considered, meaning that outgroups actually decrease tree imbalance.
95% HPDs also did not uniformly increase with decreasing tree depth, instead, a wide distribution of HPDs were observed.
When r < BL50, increasing sequence length decreases tree reconstruction method accuracy [ 33], which corresponds to the definition of inconsistency.
The same development factors that increase impervious cover would potentially decrease tree canopy cover over time as trees may be cleared to make space for impervious surfaces.
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