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While the replacement caused decreased potency, the activity can be largely improved by substituting the α,β-unsaturated ester with an aldehyde at the P1′ position.
Further experiments indicated that compound 17d displayed excellent activity to reduce mast cell degranulation, moderate anti-PAF activity and decreased potency on hERG compared to astermizole.
The matrix metalloproteinase family has been a pharmaceutical target for most of the last three decades, but success has been hampered by unwanted side effects caused by lack of selectivity, poor oral bioavailability and decreased potency in vivo.
Replacement of the N-terminal β-alanyl-amide moiety in previously identified matriptase inhibitors by non-charged aryl groups caused a slightly decreased potency and partially reduced selectivity, especially towards thrombin.
On the other hand, the introduction of an extra methyl group at position 1 of the polycyclic system or the shift from a thiazepine to an oxazepine skeleton decreased potency.
We hypothesized that the decreased potency of LF-HMA could be due to the lower stability of protein once it is internalized to the cell cytosol, as might occur if the N-end rule were operative for LF.
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Replacement of the western propylamide of 4 with a carbamate (55) or sulfonamides (56 and 57) gave compounds with decreased potencies.
Overall, both substructure analysis pipelines have proven to be able to highlight chemical moieties conferring or decreasing potency and selectivity in agreement with the literature.
Two N-terminal members of the N-methyl library did not decrease potency and can be used as future drug leads.
Whereas the compounds containing the photoactivable groups maintained good inhibitory activity, the introduction of the bulky iodine atom was generally detrimental, decreasing potency significantly.
Truncated peptides bound to MHC class II molecules and induced TCR internalization and expression of interferon γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) with decreasing potency.
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