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With regard to the likely cause of the impaired hormonal responses, chronic exposure to stress could decrease the responsiveness of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis [1, 4, 7 12].
We conclude that inhibition of meal-stimulated pancreatic secretion by peptide YY can be explained by its ability to decrease the responsiveness of the pancreas to endogenous secretogogues.
Hence, a problem with institutional reforms aimed at increasing the representation of historically disadvantaged groups is that such reforms can and often do decrease the responsiveness of representatives.
Although the mechanisms are still unknown, HLA-A*02 variant in a specific EAE model appeared to increase the negative selection of MBP-reactive CD8+ thymocytes and to decrease the responsiveness of MBP-reactive CD8+ T cells in periphery [4], thereby protecting from EAE.
Estradiol appears to decrease the responsiveness of osteoclasts to factors such as receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), released in the bone microenvironment by osteogenic cells and by marrow stroma (Hughes et al 1996; Taranta et al 2002).
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Quirk, G.J., Likhtik, E., Pelletier, J.G. & Pare, D. Stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex decreases the responsiveness of central amygdala output neurons.
The adenosine A1receptor antagonist 8-PT decreased the responsiveness of adenosine-induced inhibition of atrial muscle.
5-HT is though to inhibit photic phase shifts by inhibiting the release of glutamate from retinal terminals, as well as by decreasing the responsiveness of retinorecipient cells in the SCN.
DHA can decrease the release of AA from membrane phospholipids by decreasing phospholipase A2 activity [47], and decreasing the responsiveness of toll-like receptor-4 to LPS, thereby suppressing nuclear factor-kappaB activation and subsequent inflammatory gene transcription [48].
Increasing concentration of glucose gradually decreased the responsiveness of cells to insulin.
In contrast, FRE site mutation significantly decreased the responsiveness of the reporter to FoxO1 overexpression.
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